8.2 Models of e-commerce

B2C e-commerce involves the sale of products or services directly from a business to individual consumers. It’s one of the most common e-commerce models.

Examples: Online retail stores like Amazon, Walmart

2. Business-to-Business (B2B)B2B e-commerce involves transactions between businesses. It may include the sale of raw materials, parts, services, or finished products to other businesses.

   Examples: Alibaba, Grainger, and various industry-specific marketplaces for procurement.

   3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C):

   C2C e-commerce allows individual consumers to sell products or services to other consumers. It often involves peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions.

   Examples: Online auction sites like eBay and classified ad platforms like Craigslist.

   4. Consumer-to-Business (C2B):

   C2B e-commerce reverses the traditional model, where consumers offer products or services to businesses. This is common in freelance work and user-generated content.

   Examples: Freelancing platforms like Upwork and Fiverr, influencer marketing, and crowdsourcing websites.

   5. Business-to-Government (B2G):

   B2G e-commerce involves businesses selling products or services to government entities at various levels, such as federal, state, or local governments.

   Examples: Government procurement websites and portals for bidding on government contracts.

   6. Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce):

   M-commerce is e-commerce conducted through mobile devices, primarily smartphones and tablets. It encompasses a variety of e-commerce models and is closely tied to mobile apps.

   Examples: Mobile shopping apps for retail, mobile payment apps, and mobile banking.